Ukukhwabanisa ku umculo wokusakaza Akusekho ukusola nje okukhulunywa ngakho emaphaseji futhi sekuyinkinga ngamagama, izibalo, kanye necala lobugebengu elifinyelela kude. Lokho okwakusolwa ukuthi amaqhinga okufaka imidlalo noma ukungenisa izingoma ohlwini lwadlalwayo manje sekwembulwa njengohlelo lwezimboni olukwaziyo ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo kokubili ukudalwa nokusetshenziswa komculo.
I-protagonist yaleli cala ngu UMichael SmithUmkhiqizi waseNorth Carolina uvumile icala lokuqhuba uhlelo oluqongelele okungaphezu kwalokho Ama-royalty ayizigidi ezingu-8 zamaRandi ngezingoma ezikhiqizwe ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nenethiwekhi enkulu yama-akhawunti azenzakalelayo. Icebo labo alizange likhohlise nje kuphela amapulatifomu okusakaza: Waphambukisa imali eyayingeyabaculi bangempela. emhlabeni wonke, okuhlanganisa nalawo ancike emakethe yedijithali yaseYurophu.
Ungqondongqondo ngemuva kokukhwabanisa: umculo owenziwe yi-AI kanye nabalaleli abangekho
Ngokusho kwemibhalo ka- UMnyango Wezobulungiswa wase-United StatesPhakathi kuka-2017 no-2024, uSmith wahlanganisa uhlelo olwalulula ngomqondo njengoba lwaluyinkimbinkimbi ekusebenzeni kwalo: khiqiza izingoma eziningi nge-AI futhi udale izithameli mbumbulu ukuthi ngibalalele njalo ezinsizeni zokusakaza eziyinhloko.
Esikhundleni sokuphishekela ukusabalala okuvamile, wagxila evolumu. Wasebenzisa isofthiwe yobuhlakani bokwenziwa ekhiqizayo ukukhiqiza izinkulungwane ngezinkulungwane zezingcezu zomculo, eziningi zazo ezifana nomculo ozungezile ogcwalisa uhlu lwadlalwayo lokuphumula, lokufunda, noma lokulala. Bese, Ngilayishe leyo khathalogi ku-Spotify, Apple Music, Amazon Music, kanye ne-YouTube Music., ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwamagama abaculi abangaziwa kanye namalebula angacacile.
Ingxenye yesibili yohlelo yayithembele kubalaleli abaqanjiwe. USmith walawula izinkulungwane zama-akhawunti azenzakalelayoibanjwe kumasevisi efu futhi ixhunywe ezindaweni ezahlukene ukuze ilingise abasebenzisi abasabalele emhlabeni wonke. Amaningi ala ma-akhawunti ayenayo ngisho okubhaliselwe okukhokhelwayookwenza indlela yokusebenzisa abayikhiqizile ibe yiqiniso nakakhulu.
Uhlelo lwalusebenza ngokungakhathali, amahora angamashumi amabili nane ngosuku: ama-akhawunti ayedlala izingoma ezivela kukhathalogi yalo ngendlela esabalele, ngaphandle kokugxila kunoma iyiphi ingoma eyodwa ukuze agweme ukuphakamisa izinsolo. Ngale ndlela, lwakwazi ukukhiqiza izingoma ezidumile. ukubukwa kwansuku zonke okungafika ku-661.000, isakazeke kumathrekhi angamakhulu ezinkulungwane, okwenza kwaba nzima ngama-algorithms amapulatifomu ukuthola ama-anomalies ekuqaleni.
Ngokwezibalo zabashushisi, inethiwekhi yamvumela ukuthi angene ngaphezu [kwenani elilahlekile] eminyakeni embalwa. $1 million ngonyaka ezinhlotsheni zobukhosi, noma ngabe akekho umuntu owayelalele ngempela owayesekela lokho ngalowo msindo omkhulu wokulalela.
Izigidi eziyisishiyagalombili zama-royalties kanye nomgodi wabaculi bangempela
Ingqikithi yenkinga isendleleni I-Spotify, i-Apple Music, kanye ne-YouTube Music zabelana ngemaliIningi lezinsizakalo zokusakaza lisebenzisa imodeli yemali engenayo ehlanganisiwe: inani elivela kokubhaliselwe kanye nokukhangisa lihlanganiswa futhi lisatshalaliswe ngokusekelwe ku- iphesenti lemidlalo eqoqwa yingoma ngayinye ngaphakathi kwesamba.
Kulo mongo, ukukhuphula ngokuzenzakalelayo ukulalela kwekhathalogi eqanjiwe akuyona umdlalo olula wezinombolo: kusho ukuthi Ukukhiqizwa ngakunye kobuqola kunciphisa imali engenayo yomunye umculi. abalaleli babo bangabantu bangempela. Abashushisi base-US bakuphindile lokhu ngezindlela eziningana: Izingoma nezilaleli zikaSmith zasungulwa, kodwa Izigidi ezachithwa zazingezabaculi, abaqambi bezingoma kanye nabanikazi bamalungelo asemthethweni..
Izibalo ezivela ophenyweni zinikeza umbono ngomthelela: abasolwa baze babhalisa Ukubukwa kwansuku zonke okungu-661.440 futhi ngifakwe ephaketheni 10 izigidi zamaRandi sezizonkeOkumele abuyisele imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-8 njengengxenye yesivumelwano senkantolo. Inkantolo iphinde yayala ukuthi kuthathwe impahla ehlobene nokukhwabanisa.
Leli cala lichazwe yiHhovisi Lommeli wase-US leSifunda saseNingizimu saseNew York ngokuthi isibonelo sokuqala esikhulu sobugebengu sokukhwabanisa umculo kusetshenziswa i-AIUmshushisi uDamian Williams ngokwakhe ugcizelele ukuthi lolu hlobo lwezinhlelo "luntshontsha ngqo" imali kubaculi abazingoma zabo empeleni zilalelwa yizithameli zangempela, okudweba umugqa obomvu mayelana nokuphathwa kabi kwezilinganiso zokusakaza.
Ngaphezu kwamapulatifomu ase-US, umphumela usabalala kuyo yonke imvelo yomhlaba wonke, ngoba Ukusatshalaliswa kwezimali zombuso kubalwa ngokwezinga lamazwe ngamazwe.Uma ikhathalogi egcwele ama-bot ingena ngesinyelela ezibalweni, abadali kwezinye izimakethe—kufaka phakathi ezaseYurophu nezaseSpain—babona isabelo sabo sephayi sincipha, noma ngabe balandela imithetho ngokucophelela.
Indlela okwatholakala ngayo ukukhwabanisa: ukungalingani ekulaleleni nasekuhlanganiseni izikhungo
Ukukhwabanisa akutholakalanga ngengozi. Isexwayiso sokuqala sivela ku- Iqoqo Lelayisensi Yemishini (i-MLC), inhlangano enesibopho sokuphatha amalungelo okushicilela athile endaweni yedijithali e-United States, ethole amaphethini okulalela angavamile kuxhunywe eqenjini elithile lezingoma.
Lokhu kungafani—inani elikhulu kakhulu lokukhiqiza kabusha, eligxile kumakhathalogi angaziwa kakhulu futhi lasatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ngendlela esolisayo—kwaholela i-MLC ukuthi ixhumane neziphathimandla zikahulumeni. Kusukela lapho, i-MLC yaxhumana neziphathimandla zikahulumeni. Iyunithi Yokukhwabanisa Nobugebengu Be-inthanethi Eyinkimbinkimbi weHhovisi likaMshushisi kanye FBI Bakha kabusha inethiwekhi, bahlaziya amalogi eseva, izinkokhelo zeroyalthi, kanye nengqalasizinda ye-bot esetshenzisiwe.
Uphenyo luveze ukuthi uSmith wayene- ukubambisana kwezinkampani zobuchwepheshe bomculoKuthiwa unikeze ingxenye yenzuzo yakhe yanyanga zonke kulezi zinkampani ukuze athole ukufinyelela kumathuluzi okukhiqiza umsindo athuthukile. Nakuba imibhalo yenkantolo ingasho amagama, iziteshi zemidiya ezikhethekile zixhumanisa ingxenye yekhathalogi yommangalelwa nezinkundla zokudala umculo ezisebenzisa i-AI yezentengiselwano.
Ekugcineni, ebhekene nobunzima bobufakazi, uSmith wavuma icala enkantolo yombuso eNew York ukuze uzungu lokwenza ukukhwabanisa ngentambo, ngaphezu kwezinye izindleko ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwamanethiwekhi e-bot kanye nokuhlanzwa kwemali okuhambisana nemali engenayo engekho emthethweni.
Isijeziso abhekene naso siseduze iminyaka emihlanu ejele kanye nokubuyiselwa kwemali okugcwele okutholakale ngohlelo lwakhe. Ngohlelo lwezobulungiswa lwase-US, umyalezo ucacile: Ukulawula ukusakaza nge-AI nama-bot akusabhekwa njengecebo lokumaketha elilulakodwa ubugebengu bezomnotho obunemiphumela yobugebengu.
I-Spotify, i-Apple Music kanye nemephu entsha yokukhwabanisa komculo eqhutshwa yi-AI
Njengoba icala likaSmith liqhubeka, amapulatifomu amakhulu ayeseqalile kakade ukubhekana nezinye iziqephu ze- ukukhwabanisa kokusakazaIsibonelo, ngo-2023, I-Spotify isuse amashumi ezinkulungwane zezingoma kusuka I-Boomy, uhlelo lokusebenza lokudala umculo olusebenzisa i-AI, ngemuva kokuthola ivolumu engavamile yokulalela okuzenzakalelayo okuhloswe ngayo ukwandisa izilinganiso zabasebenzisi abathile.
Esinye isigameko esibalulekile senzeke lapho iqembu libiza Iphutha le-syntax amathrekhi akhiqizwe yisofthiwe alayishiwe alingisa abaculi abangasekho, bezama ukusizakala ngodumo lwamagama abo ukuze baqophe amakhophi kanye nezimali zasebukhosini ngaphandle kwemvume noma ukulawulwa kwezindlalifa zabo noma amalebula okurekhoda.
La macala anezinsizakalo eziphoqelelwe ezifana I-Spotify, i-Apple Music noma i-Deezer ukuqinisa ubuqotho babo kanye namaqembu okuphepha. Phakathi kwezinyathelo ezibekwe phambili kukhona ukuqaliswa kwe- Amathegi athile ezingoma akhiqizwe yi-AI, ukulandelela okucophelelayo kwamaphethini okulalela kanye nokutholakala kusenesikhathi kwama-click farms kanye nezinsizakalo zokuphromotha mbumbulu.
Amapulatifomu afana neDeezer axwayise ngokuthi amathrekhi amasha ayengezwa kumakhathalogi awo nsuku zonke. amashumi ezinkulungwane zamathrekhi adalwe ngokuphelele yi-AIKulinganiselwa ukuthi ithuluzi elilodwa elithuthukisiwe lingakhiqiza kufikela ku izingoma eziyizigidi eziyisikhombisa nsuku zonke, inani elizovumela ikhathalogi ephelele yesevisi yokusakaza ejwayelekile ukuthi ivuselelwe emavikini ambalwa nje.
Umphumela usobala: bebhekene nolwandle lokuqukethwe okwenziwe ngezinto, izinhlelo zokulawula zinobunzima obukhulu. ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemisebenzi esemthethweni kanye nokukhwabanisa okuhleliweFuthi abaculi abangabantu baphoqeleka ukuba bancintisane ngokubonakala kanye nemali engenayo ngamakhathalogi azenzakalelayo anezindleko zokukhiqiza ezingacishe zibe yi-zero.
IYurophu neSpain: inkinga yomhlaba wonke esivele ivele ekhaya
Nakuba leli cala laqulwa e-United States, imiphumela yalo ithinta ngqo ISpain kanye nemakethe yaseYurophuImodeli yebhizinisi yamapulatifomu isemhlabeni wonke, futhi ukuguqulwa okukhulu kwemibono ezweni elilodwa kugcina kuthinte izibalo zokusatshalaliswa kwezimali zomhlaba wonke, okunomthelela emazweni angamalungu e-EU.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-European Union iqinise izibopho zamapulatifomu amakhulu edijithali ngemithetho efana ne I-Digital Services Act (DSA)okwandisa umthwalo wayo wokuthola nokuqeda imisebenzi engekho emthethweni. Ngaphezu kwalokhu kukhona okuseduze Umthethonqubo we-AI waseYurophuokuzodinga ukucaca kanye nokulawula okwengeziwe kwezinhlelo ezikhiqiza noma ezicubungula okuqukethwe okuzenzakalelayo.
Okwamanje, izinhlangano zokuphatha ngokuhlanganyela kanye nezinhlangano zezimboni emazweni afana neSpain zifuna izindlela ezingcono zokulandelela imvelaphi yokuzala kabushakanye nokuhlonza ngokucacile ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi edalwe ubuhlakani bokwenziwa. Umqondo awukhona ukuvimbela i-AI, kodwa ukuyivimbela ukuthi ingabi yindlela yokwenza kanjalo. ukuze kuphambukiswe imali engenayo buthule kubaculi abathembele ekusakazeni.
Kubaculi abaningi baseSpain, ikakhulukazi abazimele, ukukhathazeka kukabili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, besaba ukuncintisana okungafanele okuvela kumakhathalogi akhiqizwe ngobuningi Lawa maphrojekthi athatha indawo ohlwini lwadlalwayo lwangemuva futhi athwebula izingxenye ezincane zechibi lokukhokha eliphelele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akhathazekile ngokuthi, uma ebhekene nokukhwabanisa okwandayo, amapulatifomu azosabela ngokuqinisa izindlela zawo zokwenza imali, okungenza kube nzima nakakhulu ngamaphrojekthi asafufusa ukuthola imali eningi.
Kulesi simo, icala likaSmith lisebenza njengesixwayiso: uma izinhlelo zokulwa nokukhwabanisa kanye nokulawulaImodeli yokwabiwa kwamakhosi yamanje isengozini yokungaqhubeki kahle kulabo abaziphilisa ngomculo, kokubili e-United States naseYurophu.
I-AI yomculo esezingeni lezimboni: indawo ephelele yokuzalela ukukhwabanisa
Lesi sihlava sihambisane nokwanda kwezinsizakalo ezifana Ilanga kanye namanye amathuluzi okuqamba okuzenzakalelayo, avumela noma ubani ukuthi akhiqize amathrekhi aphelele—ngamazwi, amagama, kanye nokuhlelwa—ngemizuzwana embalwa. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zithuthukise ukukhiqizwa komculo ngokwentando yeningi, kodwa futhi zidale i- indawo ekahle yokuxhashazwa.
UDeezer nabanye abadlali bemboni balinganisela ukuthi ukulayisha nsuku zonke kumapulatifomu amashumi ezinkulungwane zezingoma ezikhiqizwe yi-AI kuphelaUcwaningo oluthile olucashunwe yimithombo yezindaba ekhethekile luveza ukuthi inani elingaba khona lifinyelela ezigidini zamathrekhi ngosuku, okudlula amandla okubuyekezwa ngesandla futhi kubeka ama-algorithms okuthola esimweni esinzima.
Umngcele phakathi kwezinhlelo zabantu nezinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo uya ngokuya ufiphala: izifundo eziningana zibonisa ukuthi cishe Abalaleli abangu-97% abakwazi ukuhlukanisa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingoma yaqanjwa ngumuntu noma uhlelo lwe-AI. Lokhu kwenza umculo wokwenziwa ube nokwenzeka hlangana kahle ohlwini lwadlalwayo kanye nemikhiqizo yendabuko, encintisana ngokulinganayo ukuze kukhiqizwe okufanayo.
Ngisho nangaphakathi embonini yezobuchwepheshe uqobo, kukhona ukungabaza mayelana nendlela lo mkhakha ohamba ngayo. Labo abaphethe amapulatifomu e-AI omculo bavumile obala ukuthi baphila "nokungaqiniseki okuhlala njalo," beqaphela ukuthi ukugcwala kokuqukethwe okuzenzakalelayo Kunganciphisa amathuba ezizukulwane ezintsha zabaculi ukwakha umsebenzi oqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kulesi simo, inhlanganisela umculo okhiqizwe ngezinga lezimboni kanye namapulazi e-bot Lokhu kuba yingxube eyingozi kakhulu: inani lamathrekhi livumela ukufihlwa kwamaphethini okulalela amanga, kuyilapho uhlelo lokukhokha ngokudlala lwenza kube lula ukwenza imali ngisho namaphesenti amancane kakhulu esikhwama sobukhosi esivamile.
Ukusabela Kwemakethe: ama-algorithms okulwa nokukhwabanisa, idatha, kanye namamodeli amasha okukhokha
Isibonelo sezomthetho esabekwa yicala likaMichael Smith sisheshise impendulo yemboni. Amapulatifomu amakhulu kanye nezinkampani eziningi zokurekhoda zitshala imali ku- izinhlelo zokuhlaziya idatha ezithuthukisiwe ukuthola izinto ezingavamile kusenesikhathi nokuvimba izinhlelo ezifanayo ngaphambi kokuba zifinyelele ezigidini zamaRandi.
Phakathi kwezixazululo ezihlolwayo kukhona imikhawulo enanini lokuqukethwe umsebenzisi oyedwa angakulayisha Esikhathini esithile, izinqubo zokuqinisekisa eziqinile zama-akhawunti athile kanye nokubuyekezwa ngesandla lapho ikhathalogi engaziwa iqala ukukhiqiza imali engenayo engalingani ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.
Lo mzamo wezobuchwepheshe uphinde uvule indawo entsha yebhizinisi. Iziphakamiso seziqala ukuvela ze Amapulatifomu e-SaaS agxile ekutholeni okungavamile okusebenzayo ekusakazweni, ezinkokhelweni, kanye nemethadatha, eyenzelwe abahlanganisi, amalebula, kanye nezinsizakalo zokusakaza. E-EU, lapho ukuthobela imithetho kubaluleke kakhulu, lezi zinhlobo zamathuluzi zingaba yimfuneko ejwayelekile yokusebenza kahle.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, baxoxa amamodeli okwabelana ngenzuzo ehlukileUmqondo owodwa othola ukuthandwa uhlelo olugxile kubasebenzisi, lapho imali ekhokhwa ngumsebenzisi ngamunye isakazwa kuphela phakathi kwabaculi abalalele umlaleli, esikhundleni sokungena esikhwameni somhlaba wonke. Nakuba kungayiqedi ngokuphelele inkinga yama-bot farms, kunganciphisa ezinye izikhuthazo zokudala amakhathalogi amakhulu aklanyelwe ukuqoqa izingxenyana ezincane zesamba.
Inselele enkulu kulo mkhakha ukuthola indawo yokulingana lapho I-AI isetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokudala ngaphandle kokuba yisikhali sokudiliza uhlelo lokukhokhelwa. Ngaphandle kwezindlela zokulawula eziqinile, ukuzethemba kumodeli yokusakaza—esivele igxekwe kakhulu ngezinkokhelo eziphansi zamayunithi—kungonakala kakhulu, kube nemiphumela kubaculi, amalebula, kanye nabalaleli.
Indaba yomkhiqizi waseNorth Carolina ibonise ngokucacile ukuthi inhlanganisela ye Umculo okhiqizwe yi-AI, ama-bot, kanye nemodeli yokukhokha ngokudlala Ingadonsa izigidi ngaphandle kokuthi umuntu alalele lezo zingoma. Impendulo evela ohlelweni lwezobulungiswa lwase-US, inhlangano yokulawula eYurophu, kanye nokusabela kobuchwepheshe okuvela kumapulatifomu afana ne-Spotify, i-Apple Music, kanye ne-YouTube Music kuzonquma ukuthi ukusakaza kusalokhu kuyindawo efanele yini kubadali noma kubusa kakhulu amakhathalogi e-phantom okungekho muntu owaziyo ngawo, kodwa akhiqiza imali engenayo njengokungathi ayizingoma ezidumile zangempela.
